What is a museum?

This is a question that visitors rarely ask. To most visitors, the answer seems self-evident: a museum is a building filled with exhibits in glass cases. It may also be a place for informal science education and discovery. For those who have spent more time thinking about museums, the answer often centers on a three-part mission of research, education, and exhibits. That view gets closer to the truth, but it still oversimplifies the range of work carried out under the umbrella of a museum in any given year. It also does not fully capture a museum’s role as a long-term steward of specimens, samples, art, instruments, and artifacts.
After two decades of service in museums of many shapes, sizes, and missions, I still sometimes find it difficult to put into words the generational impact a museum can have on the community it serves. Recently, I have begun to think of museums, including the EMS Museum & Art Gallery, as frameworks for stewarding the objects, records, and stories that communities value across generations. This idea emphasizes preservation and stewardship, but it also points quickly toward service. A museum serves its community by creating exhibits that question, engage, and explain; by providing resources for K–12 educators; and by helping train the next generation of scientists, engineers, scholars, and artists.
But a museum’s impact does not end there. As part of Penn State’s land-grant mission, the EMS Museum & Art Gallery also has responsibilities to the Commonwealth. We are part of a large, loosely connected network of educational institutions, professional and avocational societies, and other museums working to ensure that significant samples and specimens are preserved for future generations and made available for emerging societal needs and new research questions.
These extended roles make the museum framework agile. Museums are well positioned to gauge and respond to the needs of the communities they serve, whether by facilitating new analyses of old ore samples from long-reclaimed mines that may contain rare-earth elements, preserving snapshots of historic soil microbiomes that are critical for understanding recent responses to climate change, or exploring changing cultural perspectives on gender and labor in the earth industries. Increasingly, digitization and online resources allow museums to serve local communities while also creating opportunities for global impact. Networked collections mean that small museums can have an outsized impact on communities whose members may never walk through their doors.
In addition to the 4,800 gallery visitors and 2,500 people we reached through outreach activities last year, we also mentored internship projects for five students across Geosciences, Art, Anthropology, History, and Museum Studies. These interns learned valuable research and analytical skills, often translating this new knowledge into public-facing exhibits. More than 17 student curation assistants and volunteers spent more than 3,000 hours in our collections, engaged in hands-on, experiential learning by doing. Some of these students have career goals that involve museums—and these experiences, no doubt, have been critical to their Penn State training. However, many of these students will go on to become artists, engineers, and scientists. Their museum experiences in mineral identification, artifact conservation, data analysis, and science communication are also key to growth and development in their chosen fields.
We are proud of what we accomplished over the past year, and we are deeply grateful to the students, volunteers, faculty, researchers, visitors, educators, and schoolchildren who helped make this year a success.